Determinism Possibilism (i)It refers to the point of view supporting environment control on human action. (i)It refers to the physical environ-ment for humans to exploit it for their benefits. (ii)The determinism generally emphasis on human as a passive agent influenced by the environmental factors determine their attitude, decision-making and life style. (ii)The emphasis is firmly placed on human rather than nature. (iii)The scholars who supported deter-minism were Greek and Roman scholars.

Determinism And Possibilism In Geography Pdf Notes. Final_geo_thought.pdf - unequally aided by factors of environmental determinism and possibilism, and much credit. Download our environmental determinism in geography pdf eBooks for free and learn more about environmental determinism in geography pdf. These books contain exercises.

(iii)Lucian Febvre and Vidal de la Blache advocated and developed system-atically the school of possibilism. Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and sociocultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other. (i)The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches.

Thus, if we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in history. (ii)Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time. This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline. Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. (i)In the early stages of their interaction with their natural environment humans were greatly influenced by the nature. They adapted to the dictates of nature.

This is so because the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive. (ii)This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature was termed as environmental determinism.

At that stage of very low technological development, we can imagine the presence of a naturalised human, who listened to nature was afraid of its fury and worshipped it. (iii)In this situation in early stage of man’s evolution technology development was at a low level. Man obeyed the nature and was afraid of her fury and worshipped the nature. This situation can be seen in several tribal areas in India. (iv)The tribes of central India Abujh Maad wears a small loin cloth and has a small axe. They practice primitive agriculture by clearing a piece of land in forest.

He drinks water from a stream. He gathers roots and leaves to eat. This example shows the relationship of a man and nature.

(v)There is direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them. The physical environment for such societies becomes the “Mother Nature”.

Possibilism in is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. In used this concept in order to develop alternative approaches to the dominant at that time in ecological studies. Theory by in 64 BC that humans can make things happen by their own intelligence over time. Strabo cautioned against the assumption that nature and actions of humans were determined by the physical environment they inhabited. He observed that humans were the active elements in a human-environmental partnership.

The controversy between geographical possibilism and determinism might be considered as one of (at least) three dominant controversies of contemporary geography. The other two controversies are 1) the 'debate between neopositivists and neokantians about the 'exceptionalism' or the specificity of geography as a science [and 2)] the contention between and about what is—or should be—geography'. Possibilism in geography is, thus, considered as a distinct approach to geographical knowledge, directly opposed to geographical determinism. See also [ ] • References [ ].

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