• The Aral Sea Encyclopedia • Igor S. Zonn l Michael H.

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Glantz l Andrey G. Kostianoy l Aleksey N. Kosarev The Aral Sea Encyclopedia 1 3 • Prof.

ZonnEngineering Scientific Production Centerfor Water EconomyReclamation & EcologyBaumanskaya Str. 43/1MoscowRussia 105005igorzonn@mtu-net.ru Prof. GlantzConsortium for Capacity BuildingUniversity of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USAglantz@mail.ucar.edu Prof. KostianoyRussian Academy of SciencesP.P. Shirshov Inst.Oceanology36, Nakhimovsky Pr.MoscowRussia 117997kostianoy@mail.mipt.ru Prof. KosarevLomonosov Moscow State UniversityFaculty of Geography Dept. OceanologyVorobievy GoryMoscowRussia 119992akosarev@mail.ru ISBN: 978-3-540-85086-1 e-ISBN: 978-3-540-85088-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85088-5 Library of Congress Control Number: # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright.

All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmor in anyotherway, and storage in data banks.Duplication of this publicationor parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for usemust always be obtained fromSpringer. Violations areliable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. In this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective lawsand regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com • The Aral crisis is the most dramatic exampleof the environmental problems with serioussocioeconomic consequences facing, directly orindirectly, all states of Central Asia. The crisisrelated to the drying of the Aral Sea emergedas a result of the agrarian orientation ofeconomics based on development ofirrigated farming and growing volumesof consumptive water use for irrigation. Fourth Conference of MinistersEnvironment for Europe Central Asian States:Environmental Assessment,Denmark, Orkus, June 1998 Once upon a time the sea was hereNear the steep slope.The Aral fishermen enjoyed themselvesJust on its scope.They were catching fish by fishing tackle,Lived in peace and concert,Spent the nights near campfires,Sang the songs, and never thoughtThat the sea would disappear here,And no place would be for themIn the sea expanse.The Aral went away,Well never meet again,The only thing which leftIt is its name.. Olga KrestovskayaPupil of the 6th class Aralsk, 1998 It takes all our strength andresolution not to leave things thatwill make our future generationsfeel shameful.